(A part 1). Ashkhabad - GARDEN CITY.
(A part 1). Ashkhabad - GARDEN CITY.
Unfortunately, all of us know about the neighbours in the old less
To the big house under the name of the USSR. Than there live our neighbours, what
The states build, what holidays mark, to what relics
Worship...
Having left in the sovereign swimming, each country tries to find
The place on a political map of the world to create the strong
Economy to improve a life of people, to develop culture and
To strengthen national-spiritual traditions of a society. As
It turns out is already other question, though and on it we as
The former fellow citizens should know the answer. For we remain let not
"Relatives", as earlier, but, at least, neighbours. And
Kind neighbours in definition should if not to be on friendly terms, though
To be interested in that occurs at living near to them.
Edition of our newspaper has decided to fill to some extent
Lack of knowledge of one of our partners in the CIS -
Turkmenistan.
About the country which has selected distinct from others and rather curious
Way. To the country, the event in which time receives rather
Ambiguous interpretation in various mass-media. To the country which has managed from
The former raw suburb to turn to the manufacturer
Production exported to Europe and America. To the country, where
Refuelling of the car by gasoline of the higher test manages only
In one dollar and where the population free of charge receives from
The states the electric power, gas and water. To the country realising
Projects in cost in hundred millions dollars and headed
The president who has received the termless credit at the people
Trust, and at a leisure writes verses and books.
Our inquiry.
Geographical position. Turkmenistan - the state in
The central Asia. It is located to the north of mountains of Kopet Dagh, between
Caspian sea in the west and the river Amu Darya in the east.
Extent from the West on the east - 1110 km, from the south on the north
- 650 km.
The state area - 491,2 thousand sq. km.
In the north and the northeast Turkmenistan borders with
Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, in the south and the southeast - with Iran and
Afghanistan.
The population and manpower. A population
Turkmenistan makes 5,5 million persons (January, 2002). In
To the country the high increase in population - on the average is traced for
Year of 3,5 %.
Minerals. Turkmenistan has the huge
In natural potential. Perspective on an oil recovery and gas
It is considered 80 % of territory of Turkmenistan. prognoznye resources
The countries are estimated in 23 bln. cubic m. of gas and 12,0 billion t.
Oil. Besides the strategic fuel and energy raw
Resources Turkmenistan has huge stocks
Mountain-chemical raw materials.
Political system. The state independence
Turkmenistan has received on October, 27th, 1991.
The higher official of Turkmenistan, the head of the state
And an executive power the president of Turkmenistan is. It
Heads the Cabinet - the government of Turkmenistan.
The first and permanent president of Turkmenistan is
Saparmurat Niyazov.
State language - Turkmen.
Monetary unit of Turkmenistan - manat which have been entered
On November, 1st, 1993.
Capital of Turkmenistan - Ashkhabad. On October, 6th, 1948 a city
Ashkhabad actually has been completely destroyed by earthquake, in
Which result was lost more than 160 thousand persons. With the help
Other republics the people of Turkmenistan have revived a city from ruins.
Today Ashkhabad is a peace-making centre in Central
Asia, one of the most beautiful cities in region.
Summer Ashkhabad welcomes visitors the white sun of desert,
Burning breeze of 45-degree air of Kara Kum and quite
The European level the international airport. Such while is not present
In other countries of region, though to a construction without small 10 years.
But so it is got in this still more recently by the most backward
To republic of the former Union: if to build - that is obligatory
Superobjects under individual projects if to lay
Roads - it is indispensable avtobany with 7-metre proezzhej a part,
If to buy technics and the equipment, that modern and at
Grandees of world business. Therefore, for example, flights of the Turkmen
Airlines are carried out only on got by the government
Nine "Boeing", and in shops erected for years of independence
Textile combines - machine tools and technologies of front lines
The companies of Europe, allowing to let out fabrics and products, for
Americans, Turks and Germans stand with which in turn.
Seven years were not in Turkmen capital and when has arrived,
It seemed, that has got to any other city. However, and in
Last arrival, seeing as building is developed,
Understood, that Ashkhabad is "threatened" with radical updating. But then
It seemed, that It will concern more facade - governmental
Buildings, hotels and roads. Today became obvious: "most
The main architect "as here informally name
The president of the country Saparmurata Niyazov personally supervising
Erection of each of some serious objects,
Has got down to business thoroughly. For example, one of the last
zadumok Turkmenbashi - a lining near Ashkhabad on depth 12-17
Metres of a drenazhno-communication tunnel in diameter of 5 metres.
The construction will allow to take away, first, all drainage waters for
City limits, and secondly, will give the chance to use
The mobile technics for repair of communications. Ukrainian
Experts have already started to work over this project, which
Becomes the complex construction first a similar sort on all
Territories of the CIS. After all except a drainage collector with
Vertically-beam system and a transport line for
Services serving a tunnel, in him the main will settle down
Branches of power cables, waterpipe, heat supply,
Sewer collector, and also communication system.
However, we will return on an earth surface and more time we will throw
Look so the got prettier Turkmen capital. By the way,
Perfect possibility is given for this purpose by the located
On 70 and 90-metre height viewing platforms of the Arch
Neutrality and an independence Monument - sign for
Sovereign Turkmenistan of the constructions which have turned to symbols
Today of republic. From them it is visible, as the presents
With pearls have decorated shape of a city of ten high-rise apartment houses
The raised comfortableness - they are erected by the ministries and
Departments for the employees. Apartments in such houses, where
Entrances remind halls of five-stars hotels, kitchens and
Laundries are equipped by necessary home appliances where is
The covered and opened pools, exercise room and even
Minikindergarten, manage ashhabadtsam in 15 - 25 thousand dollars. On
The first sight the sum, to the Moscow measures simply ridiculous,
Obviously not on a teeth to the ordinary local state employee. But, with another
The parties, before installation in such apartment it is necessary to pay
Only the fifth part of cost. The rest - the bank soft loan
With 10-year-old term of repayment.
Subject of special care of the authorities - city parks and fountains.
In the conditions of a hot climate their value for ashhabadtsev is difficult
To overestimate. Especially it considerably in the summer evening, when,
Let's tell, in independence Park - on southern suburb of Ashkhabad -
It is possible to see literally thousand inhabitants capital,
Fountains walking along hundreds. Witty ashhabadtsy not
Exclude, that on number of fountains per capita the Turkmen
The capital for certain is in the lead among planet cities.
Victor Zheludkov, working one of the Ashkhabad enterprises,
With which we have got to talking in capital "kafeshke", with knowledge
Affairs were explained to me, on what else positions by Turkmenistan
"Most-most":
- We - the unique country in the world where the population is free
Receives from the state gas and the electric power. Others
Municipal payments manage in copecks. For example, my family for
Three-room apartment pays less than 2 dollars a year, for
Phone - 5 cents a month. Journey by the bus will manage on
Your Russian money of copecks in 6, and litre of gasoline for the private
Cars - only do not laugh - 75 copecks. Certainly, it would be desirable,
Despite such privileges to earn it is more, but also that
We receive with the wife, and it about 200 dollars a month, quite
Suffices for a normal life.
- And still many Russian leave... Why?
- Well, not only leave. At us here neighbours have left in
The Kaluga area, but and could not there as follows
To be equipped. Recently have returned, say, that here it is better.
Well though, at them here mother-old woman with apartment remained,
Is where to live.
And so - people search, where it is better. Someone to children moves,
Someone is enticed by heads of the Russian enterprises -
Natives of our corners of the world. They well know, that the local
Russian will be better workers, than in the Russian remote places, in
Any case, at job will not drink - here and call.
Certainly, and we have problems. It would be desirable more
Russian-Turkmen schools - while one is opened only such, where
Training under the Russian programs. Perhaps, it is time and
Slavic university at us to open, more often the Moscow
Actors to invite... But as a whole I will not exchange Ashkhabad on
What other city. And the main thing - people here remarkable, we
Still we live one family. For all years I from the Turkman not that
That an offensive word for Russian ear has not heard - even
Sight dissatisfied has not seen. Fairly to tell, very much
Unpleasantly also is insulting to read sometimes in the Russian press of article,
Where publish inventions about any oppressions of Russian, them
Replacement from Turkmenistan. At us such and close is not present,
Ask any...
Conversation with Victor at us was tightened for a midnight. And when
Left cafe and I with habitual for Muscovites opaskoj became
To inspect dark street on which my acquaintance has solved
To spend me to hotel, Victor, as if anticipating questions,
Has laughed:
- Can not worry, at us people easy go at night on
To streets - Ashkhabad and on safety of residing in him too one
From the best in the world...
In the morning from the local Russian-speaking newspaper "Neutral
Turkmenistan "has learnt even about one leadership of republic.
It appears, last three years Turkmenia does not concede in the CIS
Superiority palm tree on gross national product growth - this major indicator
Any economy. Yes that there the CIS - in 2000 any of the countries
The world could not outstrip Turkmenistan on gross national product launch, in the past
To year it has taken also of an honourable second position on a planet.
- Anything surprising, - these have modestly commented,
To admit, the facts which have discouraged me in the Ministry of Economics
And the finance. - simply yields results developed to ours
The dear president the program of development national
Economy...
As to me have explained, an essence of strategy of the state in this area
Consists in creation self-sufficient and versatile
Economy. Yes, Turkmenistan is fantastically rich with the
Oil and gas pantries, however to be content with sale for
Border of hydrocarbons - a short-sighted way. That is why here
Have headed for creation of own processing
The industries, which independence before finding in
To republic practically was not. Some factories with
Out-of-date lines and the equipment - it is not counted, they demanded
Upgrades.
With them, by the way, also have begun. Not so long ago in the Caspian port
The city of Turkmenbashi (the former Krasnovodsk) the first has come to an end
Stage of radical reconstruction of oil refining factory,
Evacuated here in days of war from the Black Sea Tuapse. For
Five years in creation of new installations and perfection of the old
Have enclosed 1,5 billion dollars. As a matter of fact, on a place former NPZ
There was a new complex of oil refining factories. Efforts
Contractors among whom there were leading companies of Japan,
Germany, France, Iran, the USA and Turkey, are installed
Factories on release of polypropylene, the lubricant butters, new
Installations kataliticheskogo krekinga and reforminga, lines on
To manufacture vysokooktanovogo gasoline. As have explained to me in
The ministry of the oil and gas industry and mineral
Resources of Turkmenistan similar TNPZ on degree of equipment
The advanced equipment of the enterprise in region while is not present. And business
Not only in increase to 6 million tons in a year of volume
"Oil" processings. More important another: let out
Complex production is competitive in the world market, and
If, say, more recently Turkmenia bought for currency those
Butters today it not only provides herself with them, but also
Sells to neighbours.
When on the Caspian coast there passed opening ceremony
New installations of factory, the president of the country Saparmurat Niyazov
Has paid attention to international structure of participants
Enterprise upgrades, where the customer under the commission
The Turkmen government firm "п п я я п п " acted from
Israel. "Only in the neutral state professing
To the politician of open doors, - the Turkmen leader has told, - can
To work the companies representing such different countries. But at
We were not and there are no ideological preferences when it is a question
About a choice of partners in joint business ".
By the way, at the same ceremony Niyazov has asked
Foreign partners in factory reconstruction to consider
Possibility of continuation of teamwork already on
The Sejdinsky oil refining enterprise, which also
Demands upgrade. So, ahead - the next project
"Golden Age" of Turkmenistan as here it is accepted to name
The begun century.
As to the last century, in its last decade,
Already after independence finding, Turkmenia also is a lot of
Was in time.
For 104 million dollars has by own strength constructed
The 132-kilometre railway Tedzhen - Serahs, become
Gold link of the Trans-Asiatic highway and connected to straight lines
Route Istanbul, Teheran, Alma-Ata and Beijing.
50 million dollars has enclosed in a railway lining
Turkmenabat (the former Chardzhou) - Atamurat (were Kerki)
In the extent of 200 kilometres which can be considered as
The first stage of the future highway Turkmenistan - Afghanistan -
Pakistan - India.
About 200 million dollars invested in building
Gas pipeline Korpedzhe (Turkmenia) - Kurt-Kui (Iran)
In the extent in 180 kilometres, on which today
Turkmen "blue fuel" moves in northern provinces
Iran.
Has constructed a network of the first class hotels, last two of
Which have grown on the bank of Caspian sea, where shortly
It is planned to create a rest zone at level of the world standards.
By the way, a Turkmen part of coast of Caspian sea - the purest in
The ecological plan, and reconstruction TNPZ about which there was a speech
Above, here spent taking into account this factor.
With participation of the foreign companies Turkmenia has erected 17
The large textile enterprises on which today it is possible
To process almost half of clap grown up in republic
(In the beginning 90 this indicator made only 4 percent).
The list of the constructed objects can be continued enough
Long, and these figures speak for themselves.
Even more surprises the jerk made in the rural
Economy. Whether a joke, the deserted country, where 80 percent
Territories - naked sand, for 10 years has completely solved a problem
Self-maintenance with bread. I was in Turkmenia those days, when
Cleaning of breads approached end. Has amazed such fact: in
Harvest season heat on procuring points of Turkmenistan
Arrived from fields of 70 thousand tons of food wheat -
It is exactly so much, how much grain, and that fodder, here
Collected as a whole for a year. Now have received 2,3 million tons
Breads.
It would seem, what for in the conditions of hot Kara Kum to be engaged
Bread cultivation? It after all it is easy possible on oil and gas
Dollars to buy... But at Turkmenbashi other opinion. He considers,
That that can be considered as the present owner of the earth only
The people which provides itself with all necessary. "We will be
To buy only high technologies and the high quality technics, -
Niyazov repeats. - the rest we will create the hands, at
Turkmenistan all for this purpose is ".
Certainly, not only with a belief method the Turkmen operated
The leader, urging to sow bread. The state here in general on
Day has not left the farmer in private with its problems.
Wrote off debts, helped farming strengthening, say,
Has resulted on the earth of the proprietor. Peasants are completely released from
All taxes and if conclude with the government the contract on
Cultivation and grain or clap sale have the right on
The 50 percent discount at acquisition of seeds, fertilizers,
Herbicides and soft loans.
//* an information Source: Tver, 13, 8.08.02
//* Reg. Nom. - 1120800043.28-------------------------------------------
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